moon behaviour - new moon sets near sunrise, new moon rises near sunrise

We had some more astronomy chats after Scouts :) crescent moon appears as boat at equator, angle of moon changes depending on your latitude, appears upside down in southern hemisphere. https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/upside-down.html AND this Dec 15th actually the moon is full and rises and sets the furthest north in 18.6 year cycle called a "major lunar standstill" https://www.timeanddate.com/news/astronomy/lunar-standstill-2024-2025 from Dublin it will set 9:23am at 322 degrees NW and rise 15:30 38 degrees NE https://www.timeanddate.com/moon/ireland/dublin?month=12 The sun is only getting up to 14 degrees of altitude height at noon these days and rises/sets at 40 degrees south of E/W, compare with altitude of 60 degrees in june and rise/set 43 degrees North of East/West https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/ireland/dublin And full moons always set close to sunrise time, whereas new moons rise close to sunrise time e.g. new moon 30th Dec rises 9:06am sets 15:06 BUT on this day reaches only 7 degrees of altitude so would be really difficult to see it even if it was not a new moon! https://www.space.com/17561-new-moon-explained-lunar-phases.html

Why are there Lime trees that don't grow limes and indeed lime leaves that also don't come from either plant?

Kafir lime leaves used in cooking Limes green citrus fruit Lime trees that grow in cities Lime white powder made from limestone used in lime mortar stone building or limewash or spread on land We need a relationship network map? Venn diagram? Kafir lime leaves used in cooking Limes green citrus fruit https://bloomboxclub.ie/blogs/news/types-of-lime-trees Mexican limes, Persian limes, Kafir limes(fruit and leaves used), Key limes Thank you Wikipedia disambiguation page! Covers everything https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime Lime most commonly refers to: Lime (fruit), a green citrus fruit Lime (material), inorganic materials containing calcium, usually calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide Lime (color), a color between yellow and green Lime may also refer to: Botany Australian lime, a species of Citrus native to Australia and Papua New Guinea Key lime, a citrus hybrid with a spherical fruit Persian lime, a citrus fruit species of hybrid origin Tilia, a genus of trees known in Britain as lime trees, lime-wood, basswood, or linden Wild lime or Zanthoxylum fagara, a green fruit native to the Americas Chemistry Agricultural lime, a soil additive containing calcium carbonate and other ingredients Birdlime, a sticky substance spread on branches to trap small birds Calcium hydroxide, a.k.a. slaked lime, slack lime, limewater, pickling lime or hydrated lime Hydraulic lime, used to make lime mortar Limewater, saturated calcium hydroxide solution Calcium oxide, a.k.a. burnt lime or quicklime Also, Italian .. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limes Limes may refer to the Latin word for limit which refers to: Limes (Roman Empire), a border marking and defense system of the ancient Roman Empire Limes (magazine), an Italian geopolitical magazine And then there's Lyme disease, an infectious disease carried by ticks caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme Zanthoxylum fagara or wild lime, is a species of flowering plant that—despite its name—is not part of the genus Citrus with real limes and other fruit, but is a close cousin in the larger citrus family, Rutaceae. It is more closely related to Sichuan pepper. Australian limes former Eremocitrus Citrus glauca former Microcitrus Citrus warburgiana Citrus inodora Citrus maideniana Citrus garrawayi Citrus australasica Citrus australis Persian lime (Citrus × latifolia), also known by other common names such as seedless lime, Bearss lime and Tahiti lime, is a citrus fruit species of hybrid origin, known only in cultivation. The Persian lime is a triploid cross between Key lime (Citrus × aurantiifolia) and lemon (Citrus × limon). The Key lime or acid lime (Citrus × aurantiifolia or C. aurantifolia) is a citrus hybrid (C. hystrix × C. medica) native to tropical Southeast Asia. It has a spherical fruit, 2.5–5 centimetres (1–2 inches) in diameter. The Key lime is usually picked while it is still green, but it becomes yellow when ripe. Citrus hystrix, called the kaffir lime, Thai lime or makrut lime, (US: /ˈmækrət/, UK: /məkˈruːt/) is a citrus fruit native to tropical Southeast Asia. The citron (Citrus medica), historically cedrate, is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick rind. It is said to resemble a 'huge, rough lemon'. It is one of the original citrus fruits from which all other citrus types developed through natural hybrid speciation or artificial hybridization. The lemon (Citrus × limon) is a species of small evergreen tree in the Citrus genus of the flowering plant family Rutaceae, native to Asia, including Northeast India where it was first grown. It is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange. The bitter orange, sour orange, Seville orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange is the hybrid citrus tree species Citrus × aurantium, and its fruit. It is native to Southeast Asia and has been spread by humans to many parts of the world. It is a cross between the pomelo, Citrus maxima, and the wild type mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata. The bitter orange is used to make essential oil, used in foods, drinks, and pharmaceuticals. The Seville orange is prized for making British orange marmalade. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/explore-food-citrus-genetics Citrus have come from just three (or five) primary ancestors: citrons, pomelos, and mandarins, all native to South and East Asia. Fruits’ family tree Scientists have used genetic research from the past and present to chart the lineage of the Citrus genus. Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species.[ In Great Britain and Ireland they are commonly called lime trees, although they are not related to the citrus lime. "Lime" is an altered form of Middle English lind, in the 16th century also line, from Old English feminine lind or linde, Proto-Germanic *lindō (cf. Dutch[8]/German Linde, plural Linden), cognate to Latin lentus "flexible" and Sanskrit latā "liana". Within Germanic languages, English "lithe" and Dutch/German lind for "lenient, yielding" are from the same root. "Linden" was originally the adjective, "made from linwood or lime-wood" (equivalent to "wooden" or "oaken"); https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_(material) Lime is an inorganic material composed primarily of calcium oxides and hydroxides. It is also the name for calcium oxide which occurs as a product of coal-seam fires and in altered limestone xenoliths in volcanic ejecta. The International Mineralogical Association recognizes lime as a mineral with the chemical formula of CaO. The word lime originates with its earliest use as building mortar and has the sense of sticking or adhering. https://www.etymonline.com/word/lime lime (n.1) "chalky, sticky mineral used in making mortar," from Old English lim "sticky substance, birdlime;" also "mortar, cement, gluten," from Proto-Germanic *leimaz (source also of Old Saxon, Old Norse, Danish lim, Dutch lijm, German Leim "birdlime"), from PIE root *(s)lei- "slime, slimy, sticky" (source also of Latin limus "slime, mud, mire," linere "to smear;" see slime (n.)).

Bambie Thug Eurovision and anti-war ogham

Fun activity: I was thinking of getting people to decode Bambie Thug's ogham. Might be quite a bit too much for younger ones ? 😀 But fun and perhaps mind opening for older ? :-7 😮 pushing boundaries too much? :-p Should not have to be, but possibly wiser(and more boring) to be a bit careful around this.

Note to self correct pronouns for Bambie Thug are they/them/fae. :-) Well done to RTE newsreaders last night getting them right.

Accidental discovery of another "fun" activity: in blog html css how to rotate ogham script. :-p Holy God. jaypers. Down a twisty tight rabbit hole there we went!

In the News ...

https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2024/0508/1447898-eurovision-ogham/ Bambie Thug changed Ogham message after EBU 'order'

https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/artsandculture/arid-41390479.html

https://eurovision.tv/participant/bambie-thug-2024 Official Eurovision site image has the "ceasefire" ogham.

https://twitter.com/MarkAgitprop/status/1787754522196017368 Humm, Republican Irish twitter account, some haters in the comments, #WereNotInKansasAnymore

https://twitter.com/PantiBliss/status/1787971762430374144 Good one for a walking debate sometime.

Tweeting ogham and tuathal/deisal

https://twitter.com/WeirdAndWindy/status/1788654760377073873

Fabulous stuff from #BambieThug @Gaeilgeoirí please be kind in case of errors! ᚛ᚉᚑᚏᚑᚅᚐᚔᚌᚆ ᚐᚅ ᚉᚐᚔᚂᚂᚓᚐᚉᚆ᚜ corónaigh an cailleach = crown the witch. #Eurovision2024 #Ireland #CrownTheWitch #BambieThug #Eurovision

Please rotate your screen widdershins(tuathail) or your head in the opposite direction(deiseal) to enjoy the most optimal reading direction for the ogham. ᚛ᚉᚑᚏᚑᚅᚐᚔᚌᚆ ᚐᚅ ᚉᚐᚔᚂᚂᚓᚐᚉᚆ᚜

Cool how Irish has separate words for clockwise and widdershins/sinister (not that English is short of them). Deiseal related to ar deis on the right. Ar deis, ar clé on the right, on the left. Tuathal related to tuath - the people, the tribe, the territory. https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/clockwise https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/clockwise

tuathal, "Direction against the sun, wrong direction" "turned the wrong way" "in disorder" "~ a dhéanamh, to make a mistake, to blunder." Somewhat sinister indeed. https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/tuathal

https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/tuath

The ogham used ...

Face: ceasefire ogham.co

Leg: Saoirse don Phalestine ogham.co

Face: Crown the Witch ogham.co

ceasefire	Saoirse don Phalestine (hmm, could be an e too many there on the end :-p	Crown The Witch	Sos cogaidh agus corónaigh an cailleach (for the twitter gaelgóir hatersunhappies - ceasefire as gaeilge = Sos cogaidh)	Saoirse do Phailistín agus an Úcráin (hoy, have we forgotten about Ukraine ? (sorry Myanmar, Sudan, elsewhere with war (and people of Russia also)
ceasefire ᚛ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ᚜	Saoirse don Phalestine (hmm, could be an e too many there on the end :-p ᚛ᚄᚐᚑᚔᚏᚄᚓ ᚇᚑᚅ ᚚᚆᚐᚂᚓᚄᚈᚔᚅᚓ᚜	Crown The Witch ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜	Sos cogaidh agus corónaigh an cailleach (for the twitter gaelgóir hatersunhappies - ceasefire as gaeilge = Sos cogaidh) ᚛ᚄᚑᚄ ᚉᚑᚌᚐᚔᚇᚆ᚜ ᚛ ᚐᚌᚒᚄ ᚜ ᚛ᚉᚑᚏᚑᚅᚐᚔᚌᚆ ᚐᚅ ᚉᚐᚔᚂᚂᚓᚐᚉᚆ᚜	Saoirse do Phailistín agus an Úcráin (hoy, have we forgotten about Ukraine ? (sorry Myanmar, Sudan, elsewhere with war (and people of Russia also) ᚛ᚄᚐᚑᚔᚏᚄᚓ ᚇᚑ ᚚᚆᚐᚔᚂᚔᚄᚈᚔᚅ ᚐᚌᚒᚄ ᚐᚅ ᚒᚉᚏᚐᚔᚅ᚜

Oh google translate translates "crown the witch" as "coróin an cailleach" URNNNNNNK(wrong honking sound). It should be something like tabhair coróin don cailleach ? Or corónaigh an cailleach .. oh weird. the coronation in english, corón and corónaigh as Gaeilge, corón = crown. Which came first I wonder ? https://www.etymonline.com/word/coronation https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/coróin https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/corónaigh

Ogham transliteration tools and html css stuff

Tool #1 https://ogh.am/ gives transliterated and bottom to top unicode. In .css we can see this class is defined and can use e.g. in h2 tag like class=vertical.

  .vertical {
    writing-mode: tb-rl;
    transform: rotate(180deg);
  }

Or, in table add id=ogham and in css template add this:

  #ogham td, #ogham th {
    writing-mode: tb-rl;
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}
  

https://support.google.com/blogger/../how-can-i-add-css-code-to-my-posts-not-to-the-theme-or-layout-of-the-blog "Theme > Customize > Advanced > Add CSS > then paste your custom table css here..."
Design (on blog page) - Theme - Customize - Edit

Tool #2 transliterate latin chars to ogham: https://ogham.co/ But, annoyingly, outputs images, not the unicode string. Humm. Other stuff from that website: Test test ᚛ᚋᚐᚊ ᚉᚓᚏᚐᚅᚔ ᚐᚃᚔ ᚐᚈᚆᚓᚉᚓᚈᚐᚔᚋᚔᚅ᚜ = MAQ CERAN[I] AVI ATHECETAIMIN Son of Ciarán, descendant of the Uí Riaghan ᚄᚓᚐᚅ = Seán

EXPERIMENTs

	TABLE WITHOUT ID, using class=VERTICAL style where needed
PLAIN: ᚛ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ᚜	Saoirse Don Phalestin'e ᚛ᚄᚐᚑᚔᚏᚄᚓ ᚇᚑᚅ ᚚᚆᚐᚂᚓᚄᚈᚔᚅᚓ᚜	᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜ ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜ How do we word wrap? ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜

P CLASS=VERTICAL ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ

H2 CLASS=VERTICAL ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ

	TABLE ID=OGHAM
VERTICAL and TABLEOGHAM: ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ TABLEOGHAM: ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ PLAIN: ᚛ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ᚜	ᚄᚐᚑᚔᚏᚄᚓ ᚇᚑᚅ ᚚᚆᚐᚂᚓᚄᚈᚔᚅᚓ	ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜ ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜ How do we word wrap? ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜	Sos cogaidh agus corónaigh an cailleach (for the twitter gaelgóir hatersunhappies - ceasefire as gaeilge = Sos cogaidh) ᚛ᚄᚑᚄ ᚉᚑᚌᚐᚔᚇᚆ᚜ ᚛ ᚐᚌᚒᚄ ᚜ ᚛ᚉᚑᚏᚑᚅᚐᚔᚌᚆ ᚐᚅ ᚉᚐᚔᚂᚂᚓᚐᚉᚆ᚜

REFERENCEs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham

https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ogham.htm

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6028128/how-do-i-rotate-text-in-css

This blog page was brought to you, from and with thanks to https://ogh.am/, google translate, stackoverflow, teanglann.ie foclóir gaeilge-bearla, wikipedia, etymonline and various others.

Visitor advice for dangers on a working farm

So CUTE:

https://www.hsa.ie/eng/Publications_and_Forms/Publications/Agriculture_and_Forestry/Stay_Safe_on_the_Farm_with_Jessy.pdf  (although I disagree with banning dangerous play outright, some level of risky activity is required although warnings & supervision & basic actions to make environment safe as possible)

There are some dangers on a working farm 

(e.g. tractors, machinery and vehicles on roads and in fields, large animals, slurry pits).

All visitors to the farm should be aware of risk.

There are some educational resources that could be useful:

https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/4133b-farm-safety/?referrer=http://www.gov.ie/farmsafety/#children-on-farms-school-training-and-resources

 

News just in (DOH): bike gear cable housings are disposable items (as well as cables)

My current non-mountainbike stopped shifting gears on rear completely. 

Rear cable frayed when I went to clean and lubricate it.

Short cable housing by rear derailleur only allows stiff cable movement. 

For bikes under lighter use the gears have less changes (per year) so it can be many years before changes to gear cables and/or gear cables housing are needed but bikes under more frequent or harder use will need gear cable housing and cable changes.

I can confirm this need to replace cables/housing for bikes that I had for longer periods (unfortunately when younger my bikes could last just from 1 to 5 years before being beaten up or stolen!). My bikes have decent use a few times a week and there are hills/wind/traffic lights/etc and multiple gear shifts required every trip. Bikes have had reasonable maintenance including cable lubing and derailleur clean/lube and cable replacement. With bikes that I have had for longer times gear shifting eventually gets harder and sometimes cable snaps (snap can be near rear derailleur or at shifter) before I got to replacing.

After experiencing this now on a couple of bikes the penny has dropped. I would maintain the cables ok and replace when problems but eventually they became problematic even after new replace => HOUSING is the problem. 

Anyway I'm learning here which is good.

TLDR; summary from some web grepping:
1. cables and housings wear and do need replacing before there are problems, replacement period depends on amount of use of the bike and gears.
1.1 Somewhat surprising the cable housing needs to be replaced more often than the cables.
1.2 The housing that bends right around by rear derailleur (or other bend points) can be especially a point of wear.
2. Cable might not need replacing but of course it is difficult to avoid fraying/damage.

https://www.google.com/search?q=bikes+how+long+between+gear+cable+changes
https://www.cyclechat.net/threads/when-to-change-gear-cables.245958/#:~:text=The%20outer%20cable%20where%20it,used%20on%20wet%20salty%20roads.
4 years old bike/cables well maintained, how often others change their gear cables ?
inners and outers ought to be done at the same time?
"Outers are a different kettle of fish and can need changing annually or more frequently in some instances."
"The outer cable where it curves round to the RD needs changing every 6 months if used on wet salty roads." - defo seems applicable to my situation
"The RD will be fine as the pivots last for years. Just change the jockey wheels."
"Absolutely no point changing the inners without doing the outers. The inners are just metal and can be cleaned up and lubed. The outers have a nylon type liner that gets worn, gets contaminated and loses the factory installed lubrication, the outers have by far the biggest effect on the cable/shifting performance."

https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/34725/when-is-it-time-to-replace-the-gear-cable-housing

https://www.bikeforums.net/bicycle-mechanics/1240252-how-long-do-rear-derailleur-cables-last.html
"Your resulta are about on par with expectations. 3-5000 miles for a right shifter is pretty common depending on how often you shift. I've never worn a left (front) shift cable. I'd venture 10k plus but, you never know. YMMV."
"Why didn't you use a tool from your fix-it kit & drive the "H" screw all the way in to a better cog? I'm sure the 14, 15, or 16 cog would've been nicer than the 11 all the way at the bottom."

https://www.reddit.com/r/bikewrench/comments/9xaevo/roadies_how_often_do_you_change_your_housings_and/
"Housing needs to be replaced when it loses integrity (rare) or noticeably increases friction (common). The latter is either from rust at the ends or from inner liner wear at hard bends (mostly brake housing under the bar tape). Dirt, grease, and distortion at the ferrule interface can also add friction, though correcting this may not require new housing."

https://www.sheldonbrown.com/cables.html

https://sheldonbrown.com/cable-installation.html

Interesting, does not talk about housing replacement but does mention modern plastic lined cables are different, lubrication not recommended, maybe. (grease/oil breaks down plastic lining maybe). Older housings maybe did last forever if cleaned/greased/oiled. 

"Cable Lubrication

In the old days, before the development of plastic-lined housing, it was necessary to coat the inner cable with light grease or heavy oil.

Modern plastic-lined cables have made the use of grease inappropriate, because the viscosity of the grease makes for sluggish cable movement. This is a more critical concern with modern brake and gear systems that use weaker return springs, and with indexed shifting in general.

Many manufacturers now recommend against using any lubrication on cables. It certainly should be avoided with sealed systems such as Gore-Tex ®. Bicycles used in wet conditions, however, will often benefit by the application of a bit of oil, more as a rust-preventive than as a lubricant. The area of particular concern is the short loop of housing which carries the rear derailer cable around from the chainstay to the derailer.

Some bicycles provide awkward cable routing which forces housing to enter cable stops/adjusting barrels at a fairly sharp angle. This is particularly common on rear cantilever brakes. It often helps to put a bit of grease on the bit of cable that runs through such fittings."

Understanding PDF file format. fixing xref table pointers - emacs helps.

AIM: to understand how pdf structure works and find as simple as possible a .pdf example with some text in it. 

Simple example with red box from this: https://alexwlchan.net/2024/big-pdf/?utm_source=tldrnewsletter "it got very fiddly to redo all the lookup tables!" Not kidding. Emacs function by someone on stack-overflow wh/byte-offset-at-point helps to fix up pointers. xref table and lengths are redundant in modern day, older devices would have benefited from them maybe but marginally, easy for software to re-calc and write these, it makes editing pdf files by hand and passing between dos and unix formats awkward.

Put answer on here, evince and doc-view-mode in emacs actually ignore pointers messed up to a certain extent so they're not a good test if you have pointers set correctly. ALSO, good point, if you copy pdf content text and use dos line endings then you have to fix up pointers again for that. https://superuser.com/questions/1045351/pdf-corrupt-after-opening-and-saving-in-raw-text/1829137#1829137

This file, we can call basicPDFMess2.pdf is not quite minimum but close to, eventually figured out how to get text in, needed to specify font and have some font objects linked in a certain way. Text plus red box in stream example. Some redundant objects left in there.

%PDF-1.6

% The first object.  The start of every object is marked by:

%

%     <object number> <generation number> obj

%

% (The generation number is used for versioning, and is usually 0.)

%

% This is object 1, so it starts as `1 0 obj`.  The second object will

% start with `2 0 obj`, then `3 0 obj`, and so on.  The end of each object

% is marked by `endobj`.

%

% This is a "stream" object that draws a shape.  First I specify the

% length of the stream (54 bytes).  Then I select a colour as an

% RGB value (`1 0 0 RG` = red), then I set a line width (`5 w`) and

% finally I give it a series of coordinates for drawing the square:

%

%     (100, 100) ----> (200, 100)

%                          |

%     [s = start]          |

%         ^                |

%         |                |

%         |                v

%     (100, 200) <---- (200, 200)

%

1 0 obj

<<

/Length 54

>>

stream

1 0 0 RG

5 w

100 100 m

200 100 l

200 200 l

100 200 l

s

endstream

endobj

% The second object.

%

% This is a "Page" object that defines a single page.  It contains a

% single object: object 1, the red square.  This is the line `1 0 R`.

%

% The "R" means "Reference", and `1 0 R` is saying "look at object number 1

% with generation number 0" -- and object 1 is the red square.

%

% It also points to a "Pages" object that contains the information about

% all the pages in the PDF -- this is the reference `3 0 R`.

% Resources - James - Font stuff.

2 0 obj

<<

/Type /Page

/Parent 3 0 R

/MediaBox [0 0 320 500]

/Contents [11 0 R 10 0 R]

/Resources 13 0 R

>>

endobj

% The third object.

%

% This is a "Pages" object that contains information about the different

% pages. The `2 0 R` is reference to the "Page" object, defined above.

3 0 obj

<<

/Type /Pages

/Kids [2 0 R ]

/Count 1

>>

endobj

% The fourth object.

%

% This is a "Catalog" object that provides the main structure of the PDF.

% It points to a "Pages" object that contains information about the

% different pages -- this is the reference `3 0 R`.

4 0 obj

<<

/Type /Catalog

/Pages 3 0 R

>>

endobj

% The fifth object - James

5 0 obj

<<

/Title (James Test PDF Title)

/Producer (James hand edit emacs)

>>

endobj

% The sixth object - text/link - James

6 0 obj

<</Type /Annot

/Subtype /Link

/F 4

/Border [0 0 0]

/Rect [124.275841 211.32483 458.5228 223.97375]

/A <</Type /Action

/S /URI

/URI (https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=16/53.5400/-9.3001&layers=Y)>>>>

endobj

% text objects 

7 0 obj

(simple text example)

endobj

8 0 obj

(text with curly refs in here:{} and here:{})

endobj

% Thank you http://preserve.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.15/15.09/PDFIntro/index.html

% Since the stream consists of displayable text,

%  it is bracketed by the page-markup operators BT and ET, for "begin text" and "end text."

% The line beginning with /F4 says to find and load Font No. 1 in 12-pt size.

% The next line begins with 72 712 Td, which means position the text at (x,y) = (72, 712) in user space,

%  which is one inch to the right of the page's left edge and approximately ten inches up from the bottom edge.

% The text itself is given as a string followed by the display text operator, Tj.   

9 0 obj

<<

/Length 51

>>

stream

BT

/F4 12 Tf

30 100 Td (A short text stream.) Tj

ET

endstream

endobj

10 0 obj

<<

/Length 234

>>

stream

BT

/F4 1 Tf

12 0 0 12 50.64 73.152 Tm

0 0 0 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(text before red square in same stream)] Tj

ET

1 0 0 RG

5 w

100 100 m

200 100 l

200 200 l

100 200 l

s

1 0 0 RG

BT (text after red square in same stream) ET

endstream

endobj

11 0 obj

<<

/Length 171

>>

stream

BT

/F4 1 Tf

12 0 0 12 50.64 73.152 Tm

0 0 0 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(This is 12-point )10(T)41(imes. )18(This sentence will appear \n\r  some where,

who knows.)]TJ

ET

BT

/F4 1 Tf

10 0 0 12 45.00 13.00 Tm

0 0 0.1 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(This is 10-point Times. This sentence will appear some where else? 45x13            )]TJ

ET

BT

/F4 1 Tf

8 0 0 12 15.00 99.00 Tm

0 0.2 0.2 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(This is 8-point Times. This sentence will appear some where else? 15x99            )]TJ

ET

BT

/F4 1 Tf

8 0 0 12 5.00 199.00 Tm

0 0.4 0.4 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(8pt 0/.4/.4 Times 5x199 )]TJ

ET

BT

/F4 1 Tf

8 0 0 12 5.00 220.00 Tm

0 0.4 0.4 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(8pt 0/.4/.4 Times 5x220 )]TJ

ET

BT

/F4 1 Tf

8 0 0 12 5.00 240.00 Tm

[(Times 5x240 )]TJ

ET

BT /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 12 5.00 260.00 Tm[(Times 5x260 )]TJ ET

BT /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 12 105.00 260.00 Tm[(Times 105x260 )]TJ ET

BT /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 12 205.00 260.00 Tm[(Times 205x260 )]TJ ET

BT /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 12 305.00 260.00 Tm[(Times 305x260 )]TJ ET

BT /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 12 305.00 260.00 Tm[(305x260 )]TJ ET

endstream

endobj

12 0 obj

<<

/Type /Font

/Subtype /Type1

/Name /F4

/BaseFont /Times-Roman

>>

endobj

13 0 obj

<<

/ProcSet [/PDF /Text ]

/Font <<

/F4 12 0 R

>>

/ExtGState <<

/GS2 14 0 R

>>

>>

endobj

14 0 obj

<<

/Type /ExtGState

/SA false

/OP true

/HT /Default

>>

endobj

% The xref table.  This is a lookup table for all the objects.

%

% I'm not entirely sure what the first entry is for, but it seems to be

% important.  The remaining entries correspond to the objects I created.

xref

0 14

0000000000 65535 f

0000000851 00000 n

0000001430 00000 n

0000001717 00000 n

0000001996 00000 n

0000002075 00000 n

0000002202 00000 n

0000002434 00000 n

0000002471 00000 n

0000003144 00000 n

0000003246 00000 n

0000003526 00000 n

0000004648 00000 n

0000004731 00000 n

0000004828 00000 n

% The trailer.  This contains some metadata about the PDF.  Here there

% are two entries, which tell us that:

%

%   - There are 4 entries in the `xref` table.

%   - The root of the document is object 4 (the "Catalog" object)

%

trailer

<<

/Size 4

/Root 4 0 R

/Info 5 0 R

>>

% The startxref marker tells us that we can find the xref table 2196 bytes

% after the start of the file.

startxref

5110

% James - Mess - we can probably add comments after the xref table without hassle of adjusting pointers.

% From https://alexwlchan.net/2024/big-pdf/?utm_source=tldrnewsletter

% "it got very fiddly to redo all the lookup tables!"

% editing in Emacs FTW :-) loads Doc view mode by default, select M-x text-mode to see source, M-x doc-view-mode

%   C-x C-q (read-only-mode).  After switching to and from doc-view-mode

% WARNING WARNING WARNING emacs doc-view mode doesn't like something in these comments WARNING WARNING WARNING 

% (add-to-list 'global-mode-string '(" %i"))

% M-x column-number-mode

% M-x count-words-region == M-= "Region has 4 lines, x words, 87 chars" helps with pointer math

%  e.g. count-words-region from start to "4 0 obj" shows "1934" which is pointer value you need

%  e.g. count-words-region from start to "5 0 obj" shows "1986" which is pointer value you need

%  e.g. MOST USEFUL: 

% (defun wh/byte-offset-at-point () "Report the byte offset (0-indexed) in the file corresponding to the position of point." (interactive) (message "byte offset: %d" (1- (position-bytes (point)))))

% 

% HOW to add comment (or, indeed, object):

%   0. Adding comments % + SPACE + COMMENT near end after xref table ok without adjusting xref pointers

%   1. Adding comments before that => every pointer to obj after comment + startxref pointer need to be adjusted.

% HOW to add an object:

%   0. let's add a title object "5 0 obj" after our last "4 0 obj"

% 5 0 obj

% <</Title (James Test PDF Title)

% /Producer (James hand edit emacs)>>

% endobj

%   1. The reference to this title object is in trailer trailer after Root e.g. /Info 5 0 R

%      addition here in a place it is after all objects and xref table so no pointers need adjusting for that

%   2. LENGTHS including 1 byte for EOL 8 + 32 + 36 + 7 = 83 + 1 blank line = 84

%      Ctrl-Home Ctrl-Space (region select start) Ctrl-S "5 0 obj" ENTER Ctrl-A ESC-x count-words-region

%      "Region has 60 lines, 419 words, 1986 chars"

%      SO ADD THIS at end of xref table: 0000001986 00000 n

%      ALSO increment the xref table count, after xref, e.g. change "0 4" to "0 5"

% HOW, can we add some text or link to page ?

%   0. add The sixth object - text/link - James "6 0 obj"

%   1. Add at end of xref table and increment xref table count

%         test rendering -> pdf ok text not linked anywhere

%   2. Within Page object "2 0 obj"

%      e.g. Balally scouts PDF one Page: and 16 0 obj is ref to one of the text links

% 2 0 obj

% <</Type /Page

% /Resources <</ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI]

% /ExtGState <</G3 3 0 R

% /G5 5 0 R>>

% /XObject <</X6 6 0 R>>

% /Font <</F4 4 0 R>>>>

% /MediaBox [0 0 612 792]

% /Annots [8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R]

% /Contents 18 0 R

% /StructParents 0

% /Parent 31 0 R>>

% endobj

%      e.g. compare with basicPDFMess2.pdf Page

% 2 0 obj

% <<

% /Type /Page

% /Parent 3 0 R

% /MediaBox [0 0 300 300]

% /Annots [6 0 R]    <<<<<<<<<< adding this  TOO SIMPLE .. link/text not showing. Probably text in one of the binary streams .. also Fonts n stuff need specifying. 

% /Contents 1 0 R

% >>

% endobj

%   3. Now need to adjust all xref table pointers after "2 0 obj" and the xref table pointer also

%      Search from start of file to obj - use count-words-region each time      

%   2.1 try /Title (TestTi) instead of /Annots [6 0 R]     -:> nope

%   2.2 add objs with just text and try: /Title 7 0 R   -:> nope

%   2.3 can we change /Contents to array ? change from "/Contents 1 0 R" to "/Contents [1 0 R 7 0 R]"

%        /Contents [1 0 R]  works ok but not /Contents [1 0 R 7 0 R] /Contents [7 0 R]

%   2.4 change /Contents to text stream "/Contents [9 0 R]" ? NAH. Can't see the text. "/Contents [1 0 R 9 0 R]"

%   2.5 add more Font objects 12/13/14, see TwoPagePDFFile_example_mactechdotcom.pdf test working in there

% /Contents [11 0 R 10 0 R] # stream with test, stream with text + red box

% /Resources 13 0 R  # and Resources points to PrecSet which references font

% From https://alexwlchan.net/2024/big-pdf/?utm_source=tldrnewsletter

% "it got very fiddly to redo all the lookup tables!"

% https://help.callassoftware.com/a/798383-how-to-create-a-simple-pdf-file

% https://superuser.com/questions/300405/is-it-possible-to-edit-a-pdf-file-directly

% https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/pdf-explained/9781449321581/ch04.html

% https://superuser.com/questions/1045351/pdf-corrupt-after-opening-and-saving-in-raw-text

% The end-of-file marker.

%%EOF

This is good for a quick start: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/pdf-explained/9781449321581/ch04.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF

This is good example with strings, almost as simple as possible: http://preserve.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.15/15.09/PDFIntro/index.html

The standard has lots of info and helps a bit but it's still hard to pull it together and understand what is needed to have working doc/text: https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/PDF32000_2008.pdf

Animal sounds and farm calls to animals by people

English versions me, Cork, Ireland:

cat: meow or miaow or purr or mew for kittens, pshhh pwshhh to call cats, 

dogs: woof or grr growl, whistle or clicking tongue sound to call dogs, 

cow: moo calf: maa or mah, sook sook to call sooky calves(they will suck on anything!), hou houss to encourage cows to move. Or HUP. Hou up.

We had a farm with dairy cows so cats, dogs and the cows/calves were the main animals we talked to! :-) There was quite alot of regular converation in English with the animals also, it seemed to go down well with them.

Other animals from books or from less frequent meetings:

chickens: cluck / brrk brrk brr call: here chook chook chook

horse: neigh/whinny

donkey: hee haw

pig: oink or grunt or snort, 

goat/sheep: maa/maah/bleat

duck: quack 

pigeons: coo

owl: hoot

bat: screech

Colleagues in work from Czechia:

duck: kvak kvak
cat: mnau, mnau
cat (when called): tssss, tssss
dog: hav hav (or haf haf)
pig: kroch kroch
cow: muuu, muuu (or buuu buuu)
goat: me-e-e-e me-e-e-e
sheep: be-e-e-e be-e-e-e

I did not know sook was also a word for baby calves

http://www.ulsterscotsacademy.com/scotch-irish/futa/sook.php

cow calling

https://talk.newagtalk.com/forums/thread-view.asp?tid=710908&DisplayType=nested&setCookie=1

https://www.jstor.org/stable/658633?seq=1

https://archive.org/details/jstor-658779/page/n11/mode/2up

THE AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST

VOL. X WASHINGTON, D. C., APRIL, 1897 No. 4

THE LANGUAGE USED IN TALKING TO DOMESTIC ANIMALS