Bambie Thug Eurovision and anti-war ogham

Fun activity: I was thinking of getting people to decode Bambie Thug's ogham. Might be quite a bit too much for younger ones ? 😀 But fun and perhaps mind opening for older ? :-7 😮 pushing boundaries too much? :-p Should not have to be, but possibly wiser(and more boring) to be a bit careful around this.

Note to self correct pronouns for Bambie Thug are they/them/fae. :-) Well done to RTE newsreaders last night getting them right.

Accidental discovery of another "fun" activity: in blog html css how to rotate ogham script. :-p Holy God. jaypers. Down a twisty tight rabbit hole there we went!

In the News ...

https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2024/0508/1447898-eurovision-ogham/ Bambie Thug changed Ogham message after EBU 'order'

https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/artsandculture/arid-41390479.html

https://eurovision.tv/participant/bambie-thug-2024 Official Eurovision site image has the "ceasefire" ogham.

https://twitter.com/MarkAgitprop/status/1787754522196017368 Humm, Republican Irish twitter account, some haters in the comments, #WereNotInKansasAnymore

https://twitter.com/PantiBliss/status/1787971762430374144 Good one for a walking debate sometime.

Tweeting ogham and tuathal/deisal

https://twitter.com/WeirdAndWindy/status/1788654760377073873

Fabulous stuff from #BambieThug @Gaeilgeoirí please be kind in case of errors! ᚛ᚉᚑᚏᚑᚅᚐᚔᚌᚆ ᚐᚅ ᚉᚐᚔᚂᚂᚓᚐᚉᚆ᚜ corónaigh an cailleach = crown the witch. #Eurovision2024 #Ireland #CrownTheWitch #BambieThug #Eurovision

Please rotate your screen widdershins(tuathail) or your head in the opposite direction(deiseal) to enjoy the most optimal reading direction for the ogham. ᚛ᚉᚑᚏᚑᚅᚐᚔᚌᚆ ᚐᚅ ᚉᚐᚔᚂᚂᚓᚐᚉᚆ᚜

Cool how Irish has separate words for clockwise and widdershins/sinister (not that English is short of them). Deiseal related to ar deis on the right. Ar deis, ar clé on the right, on the left. Tuathal related to tuath - the people, the tribe, the territory. https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/clockwise https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/clockwise

tuathal, "Direction against the sun, wrong direction" "turned the wrong way" "in disorder" "~ a dhéanamh, to make a mistake, to blunder." Somewhat sinister indeed. https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/tuathal

https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/tuath

The ogham used ...

Face: ceasefire ogham.co

Leg: Saoirse don Phalestine ogham.co

Face: Crown the Witch ogham.co

ceasefire	Saoirse don Phalestine (hmm, could be an e too many there on the end :-p	Crown The Witch	Sos cogaidh agus corónaigh an cailleach (for the twitter gaelgóir hatersunhappies - ceasefire as gaeilge = Sos cogaidh)	Saoirse do Phailistín agus an Úcráin (hoy, have we forgotten about Ukraine ? (sorry Myanmar, Sudan, elsewhere with war (and people of Russia also)
ceasefire ᚛ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ᚜	Saoirse don Phalestine (hmm, could be an e too many there on the end :-p ᚛ᚄᚐᚑᚔᚏᚄᚓ ᚇᚑᚅ ᚚᚆᚐᚂᚓᚄᚈᚔᚅᚓ᚜	Crown The Witch ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜	Sos cogaidh agus corónaigh an cailleach (for the twitter gaelgóir hatersunhappies - ceasefire as gaeilge = Sos cogaidh) ᚛ᚄᚑᚄ ᚉᚑᚌᚐᚔᚇᚆ᚜ ᚛ ᚐᚌᚒᚄ ᚜ ᚛ᚉᚑᚏᚑᚅᚐᚔᚌᚆ ᚐᚅ ᚉᚐᚔᚂᚂᚓᚐᚉᚆ᚜	Saoirse do Phailistín agus an Úcráin (hoy, have we forgotten about Ukraine ? (sorry Myanmar, Sudan, elsewhere with war (and people of Russia also) ᚛ᚄᚐᚑᚔᚏᚄᚓ ᚇᚑ ᚚᚆᚐᚔᚂᚔᚄᚈᚔᚅ ᚐᚌᚒᚄ ᚐᚅ ᚒᚉᚏᚐᚔᚅ᚜

Oh google translate translates "crown the witch" as "coróin an cailleach" URNNNNNNK(wrong honking sound). It should be something like tabhair coróin don cailleach ? Or corónaigh an cailleach .. oh weird. the coronation in english, corón and corónaigh as Gaeilge, corón = crown. Which came first I wonder ? https://www.etymonline.com/word/coronation https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/coróin https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/corónaigh

Ogham transliteration tools and html css stuff

Tool #1 https://ogh.am/ gives transliterated and bottom to top unicode. In .css we can see this class is defined and can use e.g. in h2 tag like class=vertical.

  .vertical {
    writing-mode: tb-rl;
    transform: rotate(180deg);
  }

Or, in table add id=ogham and in css template add this:

  #ogham td, #ogham th {
    writing-mode: tb-rl;
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}
  

https://support.google.com/blogger/../how-can-i-add-css-code-to-my-posts-not-to-the-theme-or-layout-of-the-blog "Theme > Customize > Advanced > Add CSS > then paste your custom table css here..."
Design (on blog page) - Theme - Customize - Edit

Tool #2 transliterate latin chars to ogham: https://ogham.co/ But, annoyingly, outputs images, not the unicode string. Humm. Other stuff from that website: Test test ᚛ᚋᚐᚊ ᚉᚓᚏᚐᚅᚔ ᚐᚃᚔ ᚐᚈᚆᚓᚉᚓᚈᚐᚔᚋᚔᚅ᚜ = MAQ CERAN[I] AVI ATHECETAIMIN Son of Ciarán, descendant of the Uí Riaghan ᚄᚓᚐᚅ = Seán

EXPERIMENTs

	TABLE WITHOUT ID, using class=VERTICAL style where needed
PLAIN: ᚛ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ᚜	Saoirse Don Phalestin'e ᚛ᚄᚐᚑᚔᚏᚄᚓ ᚇᚑᚅ ᚚᚆᚐᚂᚓᚄᚈᚔᚅᚓ᚜	᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜ ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜ How do we word wrap? ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜

P CLASS=VERTICAL ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ

H2 CLASS=VERTICAL ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ

	TABLE ID=OGHAM
VERTICAL and TABLEOGHAM: ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ TABLEOGHAM: ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ PLAIN: ᚛ᚉᚓᚐᚄᚓᚃᚔᚏᚓ᚜	ᚄᚐᚑᚔᚏᚄᚓ ᚇᚑᚅ ᚚᚆᚐᚂᚓᚄᚈᚔᚅᚓ	ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜ ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜ How do we word wrap? ᚛ᚉᚏᚑᚒᚒᚅ ᚈᚆᚓ ᚒᚒᚔᚈᚉᚆ᚜	Sos cogaidh agus corónaigh an cailleach (for the twitter gaelgóir hatersunhappies - ceasefire as gaeilge = Sos cogaidh) ᚛ᚄᚑᚄ ᚉᚑᚌᚐᚔᚇᚆ᚜ ᚛ ᚐᚌᚒᚄ ᚜ ᚛ᚉᚑᚏᚑᚅᚐᚔᚌᚆ ᚐᚅ ᚉᚐᚔᚂᚂᚓᚐᚉᚆ᚜

REFERENCEs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham

https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ogham.htm

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6028128/how-do-i-rotate-text-in-css

This blog page was brought to you, from and with thanks to https://ogh.am/, google translate, stackoverflow, teanglann.ie foclóir gaeilge-bearla, wikipedia, etymonline and various others.

Visitor advice for dangers on a working farm

So CUTE:

https://www.hsa.ie/eng/Publications_and_Forms/Publications/Agriculture_and_Forestry/Stay_Safe_on_the_Farm_with_Jessy.pdf  (although I disagree with banning dangerous play outright, some level of risky activity is required although warnings & supervision & basic actions to make environment safe as possible)

There are some dangers on a working farm 

(e.g. tractors, machinery and vehicles on roads and in fields, large animals, slurry pits).

All visitors to the farm should be aware of risk.

There are some educational resources that could be useful:

https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/4133b-farm-safety/?referrer=http://www.gov.ie/farmsafety/#children-on-farms-school-training-and-resources

 

News just in (DOH): bike gear cable housings are disposable items (as well as cables)

My current non-mountainbike stopped shifting gears on rear completely. 

Rear cable frayed when I went to clean and lubricate it.

Short cable housing by rear derailleur only allows stiff cable movement. 

For bikes under lighter use the gears have less changes (per year) so it can be many years before changes to gear cables and/or gear cables housing are needed but bikes under more frequent or harder use will need gear cable housing and cable changes.

I can confirm this need to replace cables/housing for bikes that I had for longer periods (unfortunately when younger my bikes could last just from 1 to 5 years before being beaten up or stolen!). My bikes have decent use a few times a week and there are hills/wind/traffic lights/etc and multiple gear shifts required every trip. Bikes have had reasonable maintenance including cable lubing and derailleur clean/lube and cable replacement. With bikes that I have had for longer times gear shifting eventually gets harder and sometimes cable snaps (snap can be near rear derailleur or at shifter) before I got to replacing.

After experiencing this now on a couple of bikes the penny has dropped. I would maintain the cables ok and replace when problems but eventually they became problematic even after new replace => HOUSING is the problem. 

Anyway I'm learning here which is good.

TLDR; summary from some web grepping:
1. cables and housings wear and do need replacing before there are problems, replacement period depends on amount of use of the bike and gears.
1.1 Somewhat surprising the cable housing needs to be replaced more often than the cables.
1.2 The housing that bends right around by rear derailleur (or other bend points) can be especially a point of wear.
2. Cable might not need replacing but of course it is difficult to avoid fraying/damage.

https://www.google.com/search?q=bikes+how+long+between+gear+cable+changes
https://www.cyclechat.net/threads/when-to-change-gear-cables.245958/#:~:text=The%20outer%20cable%20where%20it,used%20on%20wet%20salty%20roads.
4 years old bike/cables well maintained, how often others change their gear cables ?
inners and outers ought to be done at the same time?
"Outers are a different kettle of fish and can need changing annually or more frequently in some instances."
"The outer cable where it curves round to the RD needs changing every 6 months if used on wet salty roads." - defo seems applicable to my situation
"The RD will be fine as the pivots last for years. Just change the jockey wheels."
"Absolutely no point changing the inners without doing the outers. The inners are just metal and can be cleaned up and lubed. The outers have a nylon type liner that gets worn, gets contaminated and loses the factory installed lubrication, the outers have by far the biggest effect on the cable/shifting performance."

https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/34725/when-is-it-time-to-replace-the-gear-cable-housing

https://www.bikeforums.net/bicycle-mechanics/1240252-how-long-do-rear-derailleur-cables-last.html
"Your resulta are about on par with expectations. 3-5000 miles for a right shifter is pretty common depending on how often you shift. I've never worn a left (front) shift cable. I'd venture 10k plus but, you never know. YMMV."
"Why didn't you use a tool from your fix-it kit & drive the "H" screw all the way in to a better cog? I'm sure the 14, 15, or 16 cog would've been nicer than the 11 all the way at the bottom."

https://www.reddit.com/r/bikewrench/comments/9xaevo/roadies_how_often_do_you_change_your_housings_and/
"Housing needs to be replaced when it loses integrity (rare) or noticeably increases friction (common). The latter is either from rust at the ends or from inner liner wear at hard bends (mostly brake housing under the bar tape). Dirt, grease, and distortion at the ferrule interface can also add friction, though correcting this may not require new housing."

https://www.sheldonbrown.com/cables.html

https://sheldonbrown.com/cable-installation.html

Interesting, does not talk about housing replacement but does mention modern plastic lined cables are different, lubrication not recommended, maybe. (grease/oil breaks down plastic lining maybe). Older housings maybe did last forever if cleaned/greased/oiled. 

"Cable Lubrication

In the old days, before the development of plastic-lined housing, it was necessary to coat the inner cable with light grease or heavy oil.

Modern plastic-lined cables have made the use of grease inappropriate, because the viscosity of the grease makes for sluggish cable movement. This is a more critical concern with modern brake and gear systems that use weaker return springs, and with indexed shifting in general.

Many manufacturers now recommend against using any lubrication on cables. It certainly should be avoided with sealed systems such as Gore-Tex ®. Bicycles used in wet conditions, however, will often benefit by the application of a bit of oil, more as a rust-preventive than as a lubricant. The area of particular concern is the short loop of housing which carries the rear derailer cable around from the chainstay to the derailer.

Some bicycles provide awkward cable routing which forces housing to enter cable stops/adjusting barrels at a fairly sharp angle. This is particularly common on rear cantilever brakes. It often helps to put a bit of grease on the bit of cable that runs through such fittings."

Understanding PDF file format. fixing xref table pointers - emacs helps.

AIM: to understand how pdf structure works and find as simple as possible a .pdf example with some text in it. 

Simple example with red box from this: https://alexwlchan.net/2024/big-pdf/?utm_source=tldrnewsletter "it got very fiddly to redo all the lookup tables!" Not kidding. Emacs function by someone on stack-overflow wh/byte-offset-at-point helps to fix up pointers. xref table and lengths are redundant in modern day, older devices would have benefited from them maybe but marginally, easy for software to re-calc and write these, it makes editing pdf files by hand and passing between dos and unix formats awkward.

Put answer on here, evince and doc-view-mode in emacs actually ignore pointers messed up to a certain extent so they're not a good test if you have pointers set correctly. ALSO, good point, if you copy pdf content text and use dos line endings then you have to fix up pointers again for that. https://superuser.com/questions/1045351/pdf-corrupt-after-opening-and-saving-in-raw-text/1829137#1829137

This file, we can call basicPDFMess2.pdf is not quite minimum but close to, eventually figured out how to get text in, needed to specify font and have some font objects linked in a certain way. Text plus red box in stream example. Some redundant objects left in there.

%PDF-1.6

% The first object.  The start of every object is marked by:

%

%     <object number> <generation number> obj

%

% (The generation number is used for versioning, and is usually 0.)

%

% This is object 1, so it starts as `1 0 obj`.  The second object will

% start with `2 0 obj`, then `3 0 obj`, and so on.  The end of each object

% is marked by `endobj`.

%

% This is a "stream" object that draws a shape.  First I specify the

% length of the stream (54 bytes).  Then I select a colour as an

% RGB value (`1 0 0 RG` = red), then I set a line width (`5 w`) and

% finally I give it a series of coordinates for drawing the square:

%

%     (100, 100) ----> (200, 100)

%                          |

%     [s = start]          |

%         ^                |

%         |                |

%         |                v

%     (100, 200) <---- (200, 200)

%

1 0 obj

<<

/Length 54

>>

stream

1 0 0 RG

5 w

100 100 m

200 100 l

200 200 l

100 200 l

s

endstream

endobj

% The second object.

%

% This is a "Page" object that defines a single page.  It contains a

% single object: object 1, the red square.  This is the line `1 0 R`.

%

% The "R" means "Reference", and `1 0 R` is saying "look at object number 1

% with generation number 0" -- and object 1 is the red square.

%

% It also points to a "Pages" object that contains the information about

% all the pages in the PDF -- this is the reference `3 0 R`.

% Resources - James - Font stuff.

2 0 obj

<<

/Type /Page

/Parent 3 0 R

/MediaBox [0 0 320 500]

/Contents [11 0 R 10 0 R]

/Resources 13 0 R

>>

endobj

% The third object.

%

% This is a "Pages" object that contains information about the different

% pages. The `2 0 R` is reference to the "Page" object, defined above.

3 0 obj

<<

/Type /Pages

/Kids [2 0 R ]

/Count 1

>>

endobj

% The fourth object.

%

% This is a "Catalog" object that provides the main structure of the PDF.

% It points to a "Pages" object that contains information about the

% different pages -- this is the reference `3 0 R`.

4 0 obj

<<

/Type /Catalog

/Pages 3 0 R

>>

endobj

% The fifth object - James

5 0 obj

<<

/Title (James Test PDF Title)

/Producer (James hand edit emacs)

>>

endobj

% The sixth object - text/link - James

6 0 obj

<</Type /Annot

/Subtype /Link

/F 4

/Border [0 0 0]

/Rect [124.275841 211.32483 458.5228 223.97375]

/A <</Type /Action

/S /URI

/URI (https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=16/53.5400/-9.3001&layers=Y)>>>>

endobj

% text objects 

7 0 obj

(simple text example)

endobj

8 0 obj

(text with curly refs in here:{} and here:{})

endobj

% Thank you http://preserve.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.15/15.09/PDFIntro/index.html

% Since the stream consists of displayable text,

%  it is bracketed by the page-markup operators BT and ET, for "begin text" and "end text."

% The line beginning with /F4 says to find and load Font No. 1 in 12-pt size.

% The next line begins with 72 712 Td, which means position the text at (x,y) = (72, 712) in user space,

%  which is one inch to the right of the page's left edge and approximately ten inches up from the bottom edge.

% The text itself is given as a string followed by the display text operator, Tj.   

9 0 obj

<<

/Length 51

>>

stream

BT

/F4 12 Tf

30 100 Td (A short text stream.) Tj

ET

endstream

endobj

10 0 obj

<<

/Length 234

>>

stream

BT

/F4 1 Tf

12 0 0 12 50.64 73.152 Tm

0 0 0 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(text before red square in same stream)] Tj

ET

1 0 0 RG

5 w

100 100 m

200 100 l

200 200 l

100 200 l

s

1 0 0 RG

BT (text after red square in same stream) ET

endstream

endobj

11 0 obj

<<

/Length 171

>>

stream

BT

/F4 1 Tf

12 0 0 12 50.64 73.152 Tm

0 0 0 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(This is 12-point )10(T)41(imes. )18(This sentence will appear \n\r  some where,

who knows.)]TJ

ET

BT

/F4 1 Tf

10 0 0 12 45.00 13.00 Tm

0 0 0.1 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(This is 10-point Times. This sentence will appear some where else? 45x13            )]TJ

ET

BT

/F4 1 Tf

8 0 0 12 15.00 99.00 Tm

0 0.2 0.2 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(This is 8-point Times. This sentence will appear some where else? 15x99            )]TJ

ET

BT

/F4 1 Tf

8 0 0 12 5.00 199.00 Tm

0 0.4 0.4 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(8pt 0/.4/.4 Times 5x199 )]TJ

ET

BT

/F4 1 Tf

8 0 0 12 5.00 220.00 Tm

0 0.4 0.4 rg

BX /GS2 gs EX

0 Tc

0 Tw

[(8pt 0/.4/.4 Times 5x220 )]TJ

ET

BT

/F4 1 Tf

8 0 0 12 5.00 240.00 Tm

[(Times 5x240 )]TJ

ET

BT /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 12 5.00 260.00 Tm[(Times 5x260 )]TJ ET

BT /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 12 105.00 260.00 Tm[(Times 105x260 )]TJ ET

BT /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 12 205.00 260.00 Tm[(Times 205x260 )]TJ ET

BT /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 12 305.00 260.00 Tm[(Times 305x260 )]TJ ET

BT /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 12 305.00 260.00 Tm[(305x260 )]TJ ET

endstream

endobj

12 0 obj

<<

/Type /Font

/Subtype /Type1

/Name /F4

/BaseFont /Times-Roman

>>

endobj

13 0 obj

<<

/ProcSet [/PDF /Text ]

/Font <<

/F4 12 0 R

>>

/ExtGState <<

/GS2 14 0 R

>>

>>

endobj

14 0 obj

<<

/Type /ExtGState

/SA false

/OP true

/HT /Default

>>

endobj

% The xref table.  This is a lookup table for all the objects.

%

% I'm not entirely sure what the first entry is for, but it seems to be

% important.  The remaining entries correspond to the objects I created.

xref

0 14

0000000000 65535 f

0000000851 00000 n

0000001430 00000 n

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0000004731 00000 n

0000004828 00000 n

% The trailer.  This contains some metadata about the PDF.  Here there

% are two entries, which tell us that:

%

%   - There are 4 entries in the `xref` table.

%   - The root of the document is object 4 (the "Catalog" object)

%

trailer

<<

/Size 4

/Root 4 0 R

/Info 5 0 R

>>

% The startxref marker tells us that we can find the xref table 2196 bytes

% after the start of the file.

startxref

5110

% James - Mess - we can probably add comments after the xref table without hassle of adjusting pointers.

% From https://alexwlchan.net/2024/big-pdf/?utm_source=tldrnewsletter

% "it got very fiddly to redo all the lookup tables!"

% editing in Emacs FTW :-) loads Doc view mode by default, select M-x text-mode to see source, M-x doc-view-mode

%   C-x C-q (read-only-mode).  After switching to and from doc-view-mode

% WARNING WARNING WARNING emacs doc-view mode doesn't like something in these comments WARNING WARNING WARNING 

% (add-to-list 'global-mode-string '(" %i"))

% M-x column-number-mode

% M-x count-words-region == M-= "Region has 4 lines, x words, 87 chars" helps with pointer math

%  e.g. count-words-region from start to "4 0 obj" shows "1934" which is pointer value you need

%  e.g. count-words-region from start to "5 0 obj" shows "1986" which is pointer value you need

%  e.g. MOST USEFUL: 

% (defun wh/byte-offset-at-point () "Report the byte offset (0-indexed) in the file corresponding to the position of point." (interactive) (message "byte offset: %d" (1- (position-bytes (point)))))

% 

% HOW to add comment (or, indeed, object):

%   0. Adding comments % + SPACE + COMMENT near end after xref table ok without adjusting xref pointers

%   1. Adding comments before that => every pointer to obj after comment + startxref pointer need to be adjusted.

% HOW to add an object:

%   0. let's add a title object "5 0 obj" after our last "4 0 obj"

% 5 0 obj

% <</Title (James Test PDF Title)

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%%EOF

This is good for a quick start: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/pdf-explained/9781449321581/ch04.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF

This is good example with strings, almost as simple as possible: http://preserve.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.15/15.09/PDFIntro/index.html

The standard has lots of info and helps a bit but it's still hard to pull it together and understand what is needed to have working doc/text: https://opensource.adobe.com/dc-acrobat-sdk-docs/pdfstandards/PDF32000_2008.pdf

Animal sounds and farm calls to animals by people

English versions me, Cork, Ireland:

cat: meow or miaow or purr or mew for kittens, pshhh pwshhh to call cats, 

dogs: woof or grr growl, whistle or clicking tongue sound to call dogs, 

cow: moo calf: maa or mah, sook sook to call sooky calves(they will suck on anything!), hou houss to encourage cows to move. Or HUP. Hou up.

We had a farm with dairy cows so cats, dogs and the cows/calves were the main animals we talked to! :-) There was quite alot of regular converation in English with the animals also, it seemed to go down well with them.

Other animals from books or from less frequent meetings:

chickens: cluck / brrk brrk brr call: here chook chook chook

horse: neigh/whinny

donkey: hee haw

pig: oink or grunt or snort, 

goat/sheep: maa/maah/bleat

duck: quack 

pigeons: coo

owl: hoot

bat: screech

Colleagues in work from Czechia:

duck: kvak kvak
cat: mnau, mnau
cat (when called): tssss, tssss
dog: hav hav (or haf haf)
pig: kroch kroch
cow: muuu, muuu (or buuu buuu)
goat: me-e-e-e me-e-e-e
sheep: be-e-e-e be-e-e-e

I did not know sook was also a word for baby calves

http://www.ulsterscotsacademy.com/scotch-irish/futa/sook.php

cow calling

https://talk.newagtalk.com/forums/thread-view.asp?tid=710908&DisplayType=nested&setCookie=1

https://www.jstor.org/stable/658633?seq=1

https://archive.org/details/jstor-658779/page/n11/mode/2up

THE AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST

VOL. X WASHINGTON, D. C., APRIL, 1897 No. 4

THE LANGUAGE USED IN TALKING TO DOMESTIC ANIMALS

compass / south pointing fish / direction o magnet o needle.

方位磁針。Compass. Hō i 磁 hari.

Direction Magnetic Needle.

磁石。磁 ishi.

Magnet stone.

磁 ryoku kei.

Magnetic force meter

 

Old Maps timeline - Dublin with interest in waterways, rivers, canals, bridges, trains, ..

OSM Open-Street-Map overlay collections COOL:

https://www.dublinhistoricmaps.ie/

e.g. Dublin Metropolitan Police 1838, 1840, 1901 https://www.dublinhistoricmaps.ie/boundaries/dmp/index.html

e.g. see 1776 Plan of Dublin https://www.dublinhistoricmaps.ie/maps/1600-1799/index.html 

Another list of maps: https://libguides.ucd.ie/findingmaps/mapshistDublin

Oldest bridge in Dublin across the Liffey:

Father Mathew Bridge

Whitworth Bridge, Dublin Bridge, Old Bridge

Road bridge

Church Street to Bridge Street Lower

1818 (Previous structures: 1014, 1428)

c1000 Ford of Áth Cliath, Vikings build simple wooden bridge

c1214 Stone Bridge granted by King John built near site of older Viking bridge

1385 King John's Bridge is swept away by floods.

1428 New bridge built, called Friar's Br./the Br./Old Br./Dublin Br. 

1610/1612 Dubline Speed

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Dublin-Speed-1612.jpg

A scale of Pases 50 100 150 200

North side 1. S.Mihans church and to east 2. S.maryes Abbey

   swamp/water by part of side by river

One bridge 5 - The Bridge, between 4. Ormunton - 29. Ormonds Gate, and 3. The innes

Just to west of bridge 2 streams join and enter liffey river.

The east of bridge on South side of river:

    9. Marchants Key 25. Wine tavern Stret 8. Wood quay 7. Fians Castle 6. Newmans Tour

To the east of map 12. The Colledge, 10. The Hospitall, 13. Bridewell

   14. Damas Stret, 16. St Andrews church, 15. Damas Gate

Harbour? Water comes in under Dame's St. and moat by wall to 39. Pole Gate and 45. S. Nicholas Gate 

56. to the West St James's Gate on the Slí Mór and 57. St Catherine's Church

https://drb.ie/a-pase-around-old-dublin/ John Speed's map of Dublin - part of the Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain, atlas published in 1612

Dubline - map with A scale of pases and lists of locations - Speed - 1612

More clear map by Speed 1610: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxmantown#/media/File:Views_of_the_most_remarkable_public_buildings,_monuments_and_other_edifices_in_the_city_of_Dublin_(1780)_(14772904475).jpg

1633 Dublin Ireland 4 towns Gerard Mercator

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Dublin-Ireland-4-towns-Gerard-Mercator-1633-2.jpg

The Dublin part of the 4 cities map

1650-1680 TODO ...

1665 Ferry services across liffey granted charter by King Charles II

1680-1684 Royal Hospital Kilmainham built to accomodate former soldiers

https://imma.ie/heritage-trail/royal-hospital/

5 bridges in city centre by 1684 (4 added in 1670 1676 1683 1684) boom time

http://www.bridgesofdublin.ie/bridges/mellows-bridge

upstream:

Anna Livia Bridge

Chapelizod Bridge

Road bridge

Lucan Road to Chapelizod Road

1753 (Previous structure: 1660s)

city centre:

Rory O'More Bridge

Victoria & Albert Bridge, Queen Victoria Bridge, Bloody?

Road bridge

Watling Street to Ellis Street

1859 (Previous structures: 1670, 1704)

Mellows Bridge

Mellowes Bridge, Arran Br., Queen's Bridge, Queen Maeve Bridge

Road bridge

Queen Street to Bridgefoot Street

1768 (Previous structure: 1683) OLDEST SURVIVING

Father Mathew Bridge

Whitworth Bridge, Dublin Bridge, Old Bridge

Road bridge

Church Street to Bridge Street Lower

1818 (Previous structures: 1014, 1428) OLDEST

O'Donovan Rossa Bridge

Richmond Bridge, Ormond Bridge

Road bridge

Chancery Place to Winetavern Street

1816 (Previous structure: 1684)

Grattan Bridge

Essex Bridge

Road bridge

Capel Street to Parliament Street

1874 (Previous structures: 1676, 1755)

    Essex is the lowest/east-most bridge (in 1756)

    connects Capel St to Parliment St (to Dame St. / College Green)

    Essex St itself is in Temple Bar

REF and credit to: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dublin_bridges_and_tunnels

1714 Moll

Dublin showing Oxmantown, Liffy R., Colledg, St Patricks Well, Castle, City Wall, Greens: Oxmantown, Bowling, St. Stephens 

Beggatroath C. ?  Beggatsoath ? in ruins at this time https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baggotrath_Castle largely destroyed during the siege of Dublin in 1649, on the eve of the Battle of Rathmines.

5 bridges

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxmantown

Vikings - Ostmen

1728 Brooking

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Dublin-Brooking-1728-2.jpg <- WOW, dude.

Including pictures of view to south amd buildings/statues/green/bason.

South is UP.

Did they go up in a balloon to draw the view of the hills to the South ?

Brooking 1728 - Map and Prospect of the city of Dublin

Charles Brooking 1677-1738 active in Plymouth and Ireland maybe created this map, his son painter:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Brooking

Bridges: Essex, Ormond, Old, Arran, Bloody

Arran bridge from Queen St, Bloody Bridge to Watling St.

1753 Chapelizod Bridge is built

1751-1756 Comissioners of Inland Navigations Established - CANALs start

https://archive.waterwaysireland.org/history-of-the-waterways/9/the-history-of-the-grand-canal

1755 survey made to find route for Royal Canal

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Canal

1756 work starts on Grand Canal Scheme

1773 foundation stone of 1st lock laid

1753-5 Essex Bridge RE-built by George Semple 

1751 Semple boasts he can repair Essex bridge. And is comissioned to reconstruct it completely.

He read and consulted and .. read more in "Forest de Bélidor's Architecture hydraulique, ou l'art de conduire (4 vols, Paris, 1737–53), which detailed the use and advantages of coffer dams. These enclosures were pumped dry of water, facilitating the building of solid foundations. The method, then in its infancy, compared to caissons – large enclosed sections of masonry sunk to the river bed – which Labelye used at Westminster. Semple adopted the ‘daring’ (Casey, 31) coffer-dam technique, the first time this method was used in Ireland."

"The bridge, completed (1755) at a cost of £20,661, after two years and eighty days of uninterrupted construction,"

"The foundations remain in use, being retained when the superstructure of Semple's bridge was replaced (1873–4) by Grattan Bridge."

1757 Smock Windmill Tower built off Watling St / Thomas St to power Roe's whiskey distillery

http://builtdublin.com/smock-tower-watling-street-dublin-8/

https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/50080329/saint-patricks-tower-thomas-street-watling-street-dublin-8-dublin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Patricks_Tower

https://peartreecrossing.ie/history/

1757 - St Patrick's Hospital aka "Swift's hospital" is completed

Built by George Semple.

"a hospital for the mentally ill in Dublin, fulfilling the bequest of Jonathan Swift" 

"Semple acquired (1754) land on Queen St., Oxmantown, Dublin, building a number of houses there, and residing there for the remainder of his life. He built houses on Capel St.", and other places in Dublin and around Ireland.  

1762 Merrion Square is laid out.

1764 Bellin

https://archive.org/details/dr_plan-de-la-ville-de-dublin-6903367 <- PRETTY and GOOD

image

plan de la Ville de Dublin.

by

 

Bellin, Jacques Nicolas, 1703-1772; J. Arrivet

"Bellin was an important maker of charts for the French Depot de la Marine. "

"The Petit Atlas Maritime is probably the best compilation of plans of maritime towns and harbors of its time. Colour version found here:

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/maps-of-ireland-part-9-dublin-1717-1890-dg005-i-dg200/

There are (still?) 5 bridges across Liffey in 1764.

Bridges: Essex, Ormond, Old, Arran, Bloody

Rialto Bridge

Harcourt Bridge (official name)

Over Luas Red Line South Circular Road - R811

This was on the former main line of the Grand Canal. During the construction of the canal a temporary wooden bridge was built in 1766.[28] in 1795 an elegant stone bridge was constructed,[29] which lasted until 1939 when a new wider concrete bridge was built. In 1974 the canal section was filled in. When the Luas Red Line was opened in 2004 the bridge was altered with the parapet raised above eye level. Original name of bridge comes from Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt, Lord Lieutenant 1772–76. The name Rialto comes from a local area and is not related to the Italian Rialto Bridge.

Bridges across the new Grand Canal open in 1791

(1791 I think? Work on canal started in 1956)

Across Grand Canal Dock:

MacMahon Bridge

Draw Bridge, Brunswick Bascule,[5] Victoria Bridge (1857 and 1900 bridges)

Ringsend Road, Pearse Street - R802

Named after General Seán Mac Mahon. Rebuilt in 2007. Previous bridges in 1791, 1857, 1900 and 1960[6] (or possibly 1962[7]).

More canal bridges built in 1791 .. all along the Grand Canal ?

   :- Maquay Bridge, Grand Canal St.

   :- Mount St. bridge aka McKenny's Bridge, Coyningham Bridge

   :- Huband Bridge

   :- Macartney Bridge sks Baggot St. Bridge

   :- Eustace Bridge aka Leeson St. Bridge      :- Charlemont 6th lock and Luas bridge 2004

   :- La Touche Bridge aka Portobello Bridge

   :- Robert Emmet Bridge aka Clanbrassil Bridge, Harold's Cross Bridge

   :- Parnell Bridge aka Sally's Bridge, Clogher Rd.

   :- Camac Bridge aka Dolphin's Barn Bridge

   :- Herberton Bridge aka Haberton Bridge,   others ? Griffith Bridge ? ...

Huband Bridge in 1936, painting by Harry Kernoff (this artist has a few other nice works of Dublin

1766 a wooden bridge Harcourt Bridge aka Rialto Bridge 1975 stone

  Near Rialto, Grand Canal 1st lock there are now 2 bridges.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rialto_Bridge - across the Grand Canal in Venice

    

    https://www.dublincity.ie/library/blog/rialto-bridge    

http://eiretrains.com/Photo_Gallery/Railway%20Stations%20C/Charlemont/IrishRailwayStations.html

Ballyfermot Bridge

Old Killeen Road

Built around 1775.[31]

1768 The Queen’s Bridge is built. 

1776 

e.g. see 1776 Plan of Dublin https://www.dublinhistoricmaps.ie/maps/1600-1799/index.html 

1780 First canal passenger boat to Sallins on Grand Canal.

Aylmer's Bridge

Lyons Road - L5064

Built in 1782 or 1784, depending on sources. Lies on the border between County Kildare and County Dublin.

1790 Royal Canal under construction

Work on the Royal Canal commenced in May 1790 at Cross Guns Bridge, Phibsborough in a westerly direction towards Ashtown. 

   Smaller canal 500m to Broadstone 

       - Blacquiere humped back Bridge constructed to carry new North Circular Road over canal.

       - Fosters Aqueduct to take canal over Constitution Hill road

       -  large harbour dug as terminus

1802 Broadstone section of canal started work - service to Newcastle near Enfield

https://web.archive.org/web/20120328010605/http://irishhistorypodcast.ie/2011/02/17/broadstone-station-%E2%80%93-a-forgotten-history-of-dublin/

3 pictures:

https://www.archiseek.com/2012/1796-foster-aqueduct-constitution-hill-dublin/

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foster_aqueduct.jpg

Foster Aqueduct (view of the city of Dublin)

1791 Grand canal also under construction

https://archive.waterwaysireland.org/stories-and-exhibitions/story/2/john-killaly-

John Killaly engineer with the Grand Canal Company and subsequently appointed Chief Engineer to the Director General of Inland Navigation.

1792 Sarah Bridge, now Island Bridge, is built downstream of the old, ruinous structure.

1796 Brunswick wooden bascule bridge over grand canal

https://www.archiseek.com/2017/1796-brunswick-bascule-bridge-ringsend-dublin/

Brunswick St. is now Pearse St.

Replaced after a few years by metal version and rebuilt by 1857 as the Victoria Bridge.

1797 - Faden

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/DG031-Dublin-William-Faden-1797.jpg

A plan of the city of Dublin as surveyed for the use of the Division justices to which have been added plans of the CANAL HARBOUR and its JUNCTION with the Grand Canal, the Royal Canal and every projection and Iteration to the Present time 1797.

1802 - In December the Ormonde Bridge was swept away during a severe storm which also damaged Ringsend Bridge(on the Dodder) and Lucan Bridge(upstream on the Liffey).

1804 Corbet map

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Dublin-Corbett-1804.jpg

1804 - Jan - the Dublin Cow Pock Institution was opened on North Cope St (now Talbot St) to focus solely on vaccination for small pox. 

Bridges: 5 - Carlisle(new(ish)), Essex, .. (Ormond bridge is gone), Old Br., Queen's (was Arran), cannot read (was Bloody)

New Plan of the City of Dublin - by W. Corbet, 57 Gt. Britain St. opposite Granby Row - 1804

1807 picture of Liffey facing the Four Courts by Thomas Roberts

I think the ruined bridge is the Ormonde bridge. Old Dublin bridge in background.

pictures here: http://irishmemory.blogspot.com/2013/04/views-of-dublin-1753-1859.html

A South View on the River Liffey Dublin

1805-1810 Smock Windmill Tower, Watling St. rebuilt, converted to steam soon after

https://libertiesdublin.ie/a-liberties-landmark-st-patricks-tower/

painting of Smock Tower, Watling St.
 by Harry Kernoff in 1933

1810 a reservoir, the Blessington Basin, is dug from the Royal Canal/Broadstone spur to supply water to the locality.

1810-1811 Watling Street Gatehouse built at Barrack/Bloody Bridge marking start of Military Road

Designed by Francis Johnson architect with Board of Works (also of GPO) calp limestone, Tudor arch.
http://builtdublin.com/richmond-tower-royal-hospital-kilmainham-dublin-8/

Military road goes from Watling St West to Royal Hospital Kilmainham and continues outside hospital wall beside the Liffey to Islandbridge.

https://imma.ie/heritage-trail/royal-hospital/

https://imma.ie/heritage-trail/the-hospital-fields/

https://www.rareirelandtours.com/post/richmond-tower-kilmainham

Barrack/Bloody Bridge and Watling St. Gatehouse

1811 Gregory map 

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/DG039-i-Dublin-W-Gregory-1811.jpg 

Bradogue River marked. 

Bridges on Liffey: H?illegible, Queens, Old Bridge, .. (Ormonde/Richmond bridge is gone), Essex, Carlisle

1816 Richmond Bridge built to replace the old Ormonde bridge which had been destroyed

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Donovan_Rossa_Bridge

http://www.bridgesofdublin.ie/gallery/view/richmond-bridge-1910

designed by George Halpin

"He modernised Essex (Grattan) Bridge (1808–9) and Arran (Mellowes) Bridge (1816–18) with cast metal features. His new bridges included Richmond (O'Donovan Rossa) Bridge (opened 1816, replacing the flood-damaged Ormonde Bridge) and Whitworth (Father Mathew) Bridge, opened 1818"

1816 Wellington Bridge, now familiar as Dublin’s iconic Ha’penny Bridge, opens. Ha'penny toll charged.

 Wellington not popular as name so it is called locally the Metal Bridge

 https://lornapeel.com/2022/06/12/hapenny-bridge/

 Beside ferry at Fownes St. Lower / Bagnio Slip.

1817 Royal canal reaches Shannon river and Broadstone Harbour is major connection to midlands.

https://archive.waterwaysireland.org/Timeline%20Assets/The%20Royal%20Canal/Royal%20Canal%20Harbour,%20Broadstone,%20Dublin.jpg?RenditionId=5

Royal Canal Harbour, Broadstone, Dublin

1817 Dublin city, Cadell and Davies

https://www.dublinhistoricmaps.ie/maps/1800-1849/index.html <- GOOD

7 bridges: Carlisle, ?Iron(Ha-penny/Liffey/Metal/Wellington), Essex, Richmond(is back), Whitworth(old bridge is renamed), illegible(presume Queens), illegible(Bloody?)

nice colouring, rivers/streams are given blue colour

1817 Dublin city, Cadell and Davies

1818 Whitworth Bridge, now Father Mathew, replaces the Old Bridge of 1428.

designed by George Halpin

"He modernised Essex (Grattan) Bridge (1808–9) and Arran (Mellowes) Bridge (1816–18) with cast metal features. His new bridges included Richmond (O'Donovan Rossa) Bridge (opened 1816, replacing the flood-damaged Ormonde Bridge) and Whitworth (Father Mathew) Bridge, opened 1818"

1819 Bull wall, designed by George Halpin is started

In 1800 George Helpin was made Inspector of Works for the Dublin Ballast Board. 

The first Bull Bridge, a wooden bridge is built to facilitate construction of the stone Bull Wall.

Started in 1820, the wall was completed in 1825.

"Over the succeeding 48 years, the natural tidal effects created by the two sea walls deepened the entry to the Liffey from 1.8 m to 4.8 m. Much of the silt now scoured from the river course was deposited on the North Bull"

"Halpin built new quay walls on the Liffey from Carlisle Bridge (built by James Gandon (qv)) to Custom House Quay and George's Quay. By 1820 he had also rebuilt and enhanced those extending from Carlisle Bridge up to the official westward limit of the port jurisdiction at Bloody Bridge (Rory O'More Bridge), by the junction of Usher's Island and Watling St."

The Ballast Board became responsible for lighthouses in 1810.

https://www.greatlighthouses.com/stories/george-halpin/

https://www.dib.ie/index.php/biography/halpin-george-a3722

 ...  "Dublin lights at Howth Baily (1814) and the reconstructed Poolbeg (1820),"

1819 Byrne map

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/DG043-Dublin-Joseph-Byrne-1819-p.jpg

Byrne's Map of the City and Environs of Dublin.

red city boundary

yellow parishes

Sarah Bridge + 7 bridges: Carlisle, ?Iron, ?Essex, ?Richmond, ?Whitworth, Queens, not named (Bloody?)

1820 Bianconi Stage Coach company regular road transport

1828 King’s Bridge, now Sean Heuston, opens to the public.

1830 

https://theirishaesthete.com/tag/royal-canal/ 

Including nice picture of Dublin, from Blaquiere Bridge, Royal Canal

1830(I think) Dublin, from Blaquiere Bridge, Royal Canal

1834 Dublin's first railway from Westland Row to Salthill near Kingstown (now Dun Laoghaire) opens

https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/10-facts-about-the-first-irish-railway/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_and_Kingstown_Railway

1834 - quay wall improvements - George Halpin

British consultant engineer William Cubitt recommended that the north and south quays of the lower Liffey be enlarged and strengthened to meet the increased volume of shipping. Restricted by cost, Halpin and his son undertook less expensive works, which in 1836 formed timber-piled wharves and embankments at the junction of the East and North Walls. The resulting North Wall Basin became generally known as Halpin's Pond (or Pool), subsequently named Alexandra Basin after Stoney's monumental extension of the Halpin project (1885). 

Halpin added similar wharves (1840–42) at the North Wall, adjacent to the Royal Canal Dock.

1840 - Broadstone

Broadstone harbour, Royal Canal. Also North Dublin Union workhouse, Queen's Inns, Law Library, Fosdter Aqueduct over Constitution Hill, Royal Canal House and Terrace, Palmerstone Terrace, city and/or parish boundary lines junction. 

1845 Tallis map

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Dublin-Tallis-1845.jpg <- GOOD

Tallis map stretching from Richmond Barracks to the West ..

Showing Kingsbridge railway station and GS&WR line heading out West.

The Grand Canal looping South of the city across to Grand canal dock.

Ringsend and the Dodder at the Eastern extent of map.

The Dublin and Kingstown railway line heading from ?__ station on Westland Row out SE ..

The Dublin and Drogheda rail line heading out to NE from Amiens St. station (opened in 1844, initially trains from temporary station on Royal canal)

The MGWR line heading off NW from Broadstone station.

1845 a new railway company The Midland and Great Western Railway Company (MGWR) purchased the entire royal canal and its harbours.  In 1848 they had carved a new train line (left) from Broadstone harbour running north along the western edge of Phibsboro running under the North Circular road. Once this line opened in 1848 carrying a train service from Broadstone to Mullingar the canal could not compete for passenger traffic. 

1846 picture of City basin and Grand Canal Harbour

https://wideandconvenientstreets.wordpress.com/tag/charles-brookings-map-of-1728/

1846 Kingsbridge Railway Station is built on former hospital grounds, Watling St. Gatehouse causes congestion for increased traffic and it is moved to West entrance of Kilmainham Royal Hospital and renamed Richmond Tower 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Tower_(Kilmainham)

https://imma.ie/heritage-trail/the-richmond-tower/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuston_railway_station

https://www.joyceproject.com/notes/180007kingsbridge.htm

https://www.ouririshheritage.org/content/knowyour5k/heuston-station-2

https://www.archiseek.com/2010/1846-heuston-station-dublin/

https://www.railwaywondersoftheworld.com/irelands-railways.html <- GOOD

Kingsbridge(now Heuston) Railway Station building, Dublin

1850 Neo-Egyptian train station opened at Broadstone

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Broadstone_railway_station

Broadstone name derives from the Norse Steyn (stone bridging) and Gaelic/Irish Bradán(salmon) óg(young) "Bradogue Steyn", due to the Bradogue River crossing the road to Finglas at this location.

Bradogue River

 aka Bradoge, Bradok, Glascoynock, the Pole Water, St Michan's Streams, Le Rughdich

Leisute trips for middle classes grow. Possible to visit horse fairs, hunts etc and return on same day. 

1852 canal passenger boats (on Royal and Grand canals) widthdrawn due to competition with railways

1856 Broadstone Railway Station (and Broadstone Harbour)

The Broadstone Station, from tourist handbook by David Bryce

1861 Victoria and Albert Bridge, now Rory O’More, opens to the public.

1872 - New Dublin Quay wall build 

3. New Quay wall 1872-3, 2. old wall ?1800, 1. oldest quay wall 1714, river bed, low water, high water and ancient foreshore level with filling to existing quay level shown

1875 New bridge by Bindon Stoney, later to be named Grattan Br., opens. It replaces the Essex Bridge of 1755. It keeps the foundations of the older bridge by George Semple.

1877 The Liffey Viaduct, a continuation of the railway line from Heuston Station across the Liffey, opens.

1877,78 Broadstone harbour (Royal canal line) partially filled in (access to railway prior to this was via pontoon bridge)

1879 Butt Bridge (1879 - 1929) Dublin City, ...
the first Liffey bridge in Dublin to be built with reinforced concrete, courtesy of Gray's Ferro- Concrete (Ireland) Ltd. Most Easterly bridge.

1880  O’Connell Bridge opens

1891 The Loopline rail Bridge opens.

1919 Ha'penny Bridge toll is abolished

TIMELINE CONTINUES: http://www.bridgesofdublin.ie/historical-dublin/timeline

1881 Carlisle Bridge replaced by a wider structure - O'Connell Bridge) by Bindon Blood Stoney 

1885 - Alexandra basin

The North Wall Basin known as Halpin's Pond (or Pool) is greatly extended by Bindon Blood Stoney.

It is subsequently named Alexandra Basin. 

1877-9 Beresford bridge / Butt Bridge

Stoney built a new iron swivel bridge in 1877–9, just west of the Custom House. Named Beresford Bridge, it was later renamed Butt Bridge after Isaac Butt (qv), and replaced by a wider concrete bridge in 1932.

1888 Smock Tower and Roe Distellery c 1888

looking East along Thomas St I think  

Smock Tower and Row whiskey distellery c 1888

1906 rail and tram

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Dublin-Bacon-Trams-1906.jpg

NEW PLAN

of

Dublin

and

Suburbs

Railways, thus:   Tramways, thus:  

1911 Midland and Great Western Train Company opens first bus service

1924 New Free State of Ireland consolidates railways into The Great Southerm Railway(GSR) company. Several train stations close including Broadstone which becomes a bus station.

1930s Blacquiere bridge in Phibsboro (Broadstone/Royal Canal line) is taken down. Canal filled in and transformed into public park, library, playground - Royal Canal Park.

1920s-30s-40s-50s-... Harry Kernoff (1900-1974) Irish artist paints Dublin landmarks, street scenes, pub characters

 wikipedia:Harry Kernoff contemperary of James Joyce

 https://villagemagazine.ie/harry-kernoff-the-little-genius/

"Kernoff’s family fled from Vitebsk, Russia, during the 1890s. The artist was born in London in 1900  and moved to Dublin in 1914. "

Dec 2021 - The Liffey Press republished Kevin O’Connor’s 2012 ‘Harry Kernoff, The Little Genius’, biography with pictures.

https://jewishmuseum.ie/jews-of-ireland/prominent_people/harry-kernoff/

https://www.artnet.com/artists/harry-kernoff/

Harry Kernoff

Last Bastion of the Old Theatre Royal, 1934

National Library Collection list: https://www.nli.ie/sites/default/files/2022-12/harrykernoffpd2090tx.pdf

Harry Kernoff - Whiskey row Ringsend, Dublin

1943 baile áta cliath : sketch development plan : metropolitan area.

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Dublin-Planning-Map-1943.jpg

Circles. M50 and ring roads.

1951 Foster's Aqueduct in Broadstone is demolished

https://irishwaterwayshistory.com/abandoned-or-little-used-irish-waterways/waterways-in-dublin/

https://irishwaterwayshistory.com/abandoned-or-little-used-irish-waterways/waterways-in-dublin/the-broadstone-line-of-the-royal-canal/

Broadstone Harbour

King's Inns park would have been part of Broadstone harbour

EXPLORE: Linear park - from Broadstone Community Garden, Royal Canal Bank Playground, to Blessington St basin/Park and on beside Royal Canal Bank road continue under/over Blaquiere bridge and on past the back of Mountjoy Prison to the Royal Canal itself.

The Broadstone station was train station, then bus.

The Foster Aqueduct.

https://web.archive.org/web/20120328010605/http://irishhistorypodcast.ie/2011/02/17/broadstone-station-%E2%80%93-a-forgotten-history-of-dublin/

World history of canals:

https://archive.waterwaysireland.org/stories-and-exhibitions/story/21/a-potted-history-of-canals

http://www.bridgesofdublin.ie/

http://www.bridgesofdublin.ie/historical-dublin/city-maps

840c 1300 1610 ...

http://www.bridgesofdublin.ie/historical-dublin/timeline

Outside Dublin:

Dublin Bay:

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/9-m-Dublin-Bay-Harbour-Morris-1.jpg

Military Road:

https://www.lbrowncollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Dublin-Military-Road-Sally-Gap.jpg

Sketch of that part of the New Military Road

which extends from

Mount Venus to Sally Gap

and to

Kilmalin

NB The new Road is marked Red, the old Road's Brown.

Sketch of that part of the New Military Road

which extends from